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Kainuun maakunta Lapin lääni Ålands län; Ahvenanmaan lääni OULU KAJAANI) KUUSAMO KUOPIO KEMI) KOKKOLA/PIETARSAARI) KOTKA KOLI) SAVONLINNA TAMPERE TURKU NAANTALI) VAASA HAMEENLINNA HELSINKI PORI MIKKELI JYVASKYLA JOENSUU LAPPEENRANTA LEVI ROVANIEMI ร้อยละ 92 ของประชากรฟินแลนด์พูดภาษาฟินแลนด์เป็นภาษาแม่ รองลงมาคือภาษาสวีเดน ซึ่งสองภาษานี้เป็นภาษาทางการของประเทศ ภาษาอื่นที่มีการพูดการในฟินแลนด์ได้แก่ภาษารัสเซีย และภาษากลุ่มซามิ ภาษาและวัฒนธรรมของชาวซามิ ซึ่งเป็นชนพื้นเมืองในเขตแลปแลนด์ ได้รับการคุ้มครองทางกฎหมาย The native language of most of the population is Finnish, which is part of the Finno-Ugric language family and is most closely related to Estonian. The language is one of only four official EU languages not of Indo-European origin. The second official language of Finland – Swedish – is the native language of 5.5% of the population. Most of the Finnish people (92%) speak Finnish as their primary language. Finnish is a member of the Baltic-Finnic subgroup of the Uralic languages. The largest minority language and the second official language is Swedish spoken by 5.6% of the population. Other minority languages are Russian (0.8%), Estonian (0.3%), Finnish Romani and Finnish Sign Language (used as a first language by 4,000–5,000 people). To the north, in Lapland, are also the Sami people, numbering around 7,000 and recognized as an indigenous people. About a quarter of them speak a Sami language as their mother language. There are three Sami languages that are spoken in Finland: Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami. The right of minority groups (in particular Sami, Swedish-speaking Finns and Romani people) to cherish their culture and language is protected by the constitution. Finland's climate and soils make growing crops a particular challenge. The country lies between 60° and 70° north latitude - as far north as Alaska - and has severe winters and relatively short growing seasons that are sometimes interrupted by frosts. However, because the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift Current moderate the climate, Finland contains half of the world's arable land north of 60° north latitude. Annual precipitation is usually sufficient, but it occurs almost exclusively during the winter months, making summer droughts a constant threat. In response to the climate, farmers have relied on quick-ripening and frost-resistant varieties of crops, and they have cultivated south-facing slopes as well as richer bottomlands to ensure production even in years with summer frosts. Most farmland had originally been either forest or swamp, and the soil had usually required treatment with lime and years of cultivation to neutralize excess acid and to develop fertility. Irrigation was generally not necessary, but drainage systems were often needed to remove excess water. overseas jobs recruitment immigration visa emigration citi foreign exchange dollar renminbi language scholarship car accident insurance studyabroad cheap ticket Air lines translation